Overview

5.100 Affirmative Action

           5.110 Response to past discrimination

           5.120 Narrowly tailored remedy

           5.130 Whether affirmative action plan is remedial?

           5.140 Strict scrutiny

           5.150 Intermediate scrutiny

           5.160 Rational basis scrutiny

           5.170 Establishing prima facie case of discrimination

                      5.171 Use of statistics to establish prima facie case

           5.180 Affirmative action based on operational needs

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5.200 Disparate Impact

           5.210 Whether disparate impact claims are available

                      5.211 ADEA

                      5.212 ADA

                      5.213 Equal Pay Act

                      5.214 42 U.S.C. § 1981

                      5.215 42 U.S.C. § 1983

                      5.216 FMLA

                      5.217 Rehabilitation Act

                      5.218 Title VII

                      5.219 Miscellaneous

                                 5.219.10 Hostile work environment claims predicated on
                                                  disparate impact

           5.220 General principles

                      5.221 Evidence of discriminatory intent unnecessary

                      5.222 Who has burden of proving the existence (or non-
                                 existence) of an alternative business practice?

                      5.223 Standard of review

           5.230 Overview of general method of proof

                      5.231 Must plaintiff always identify the specific business
                                 practice

           5.240 Proving ADEA disparate impact claims

                      5.241 Employee has burden of proving unreasonableness

           5.250 Evidence necessary to establish prima facie case

                      5.251 Statistical evidence

                                 5.251.10 In general

                                 5.251.20 Four-fifth's rule

                                 5.251.30 Two standard deviations

                                 5.251.40 Groups to be compared by statistical evidence

                                                  5.251.41 Reduction in force case

                                 5.251.50 Definition of standard deviation

           5.260 Evidence necessary for employer to establish "business
                      necessity"

                      5.261 Definition of business necessity

                                 5.261.10 Use of cut-off scores

           5.270 Evidence necessary to create jury question

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5.300 Pattern or practice discrimination

           5.310 Definition / method of proof

           5.320 Statutory authority for pattern or practice suits

                      5.321 ADA

           5.330 Types of claims to which the pattern or practice theory applies

                      5.331 Class actions

                      5.332 Claims brought by government

                      5.333 Individual claims

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