Garland's Digest

on employment discrimination law

Chapter 6 - Procedural Requirements

Overview

6.100 Requirement to exhaust administrative remedies

6.200 General principles involving exhaustion of administrative
           remedies

6.300 Administrative charge

6.400 Timeliness of administrative charge

6.500 Procedural issues specific to federal employees

6.600 [reserved]

6.700 EEOC regulations and guidelines

6.800 EEOC administrative investigation

6.900 EEOC determination

 

Detail

6.100 Requirement to exhaust administrative remedies

           6.110 Statutes requiring exhaustion of administrative remedies

                      6.111 Title VII overview

                                 6.111.01 Statutory authority

                                 6.111.02 Duty to file administrative charge

                                 6.111.03 Notice to employer

                                 6.111.04 EEOC's reasonable cause determination

                                 6.111.05 Time for making reasonable cause
                                                  determination

                                 6.111.06 Charge shall first be filed with State or local
                                                  agency

                                 6.111.07 Complainant may file suit without final
                                                  determination from State or local agency

                                 6.111.08 EEOC's duty to notify State or local agency if it
                                                  brings a charge

                                 6.111.09 Time for filing administrative charge

                                 6.111.10 EEOC or Department of Justice may bring
                                                  lawsuit

                                 6.111.11 Person aggrieved may intervene if EEOC or
                                                  Department of Justice brings a lawsuit

                                 6.111.12 When person aggrieved may bring lawsuit

                                 6.111.13 Court may appoint counsel and permit EEOC or
                                                  Department of Justice to intervene

                                 6.111.14 EEOC or Department of Justice may seek
                                                  temporary or preliminary relief

                       6.112 ADA overview

                      6.113 ADEA overview

                      6.114 Rehabilitation Act claim of federal employee

           6.120 Statutes not requiring exhaustion of administrative remedies

                      6.121 Equal Pay Act

                      6.122 42 U.S.C. § 1981

                      6.123 42 U.S.C. § 1983

                      6.124 Family and Medical Leave Act

                      6.125 Rehabilitation Act claim of non-federal employee

           6.130 No duty to exhaust administrative remedies before filing suit to
                      enforce a settlement agreement

           6.140 Whether employee is required to first exhaust employer's
                      internal administrative remedies?

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6.200 General principles involving exhaustion of administrative
           remedies

           6.210 Overview of exhaustion requirement

                      6.211 Purpose of exhaustion requirement

                      6.212 Whether it is a jurisdictional prerequisite?

                                 6.212.10 What if lawsuit is filed early?

                      6.213 Standard of review

                                 6.213.10 Whether administrative remedies have been
                                                  exhausted is a question of law

                                 6.213.20 Standard of review is de novo

                      6.214 Whether dismissal for failure to exhaust administrative
                                 remedies is with prejudice?

                      6.215 Effect of EEOC right to sue letter on state exhaustion
                                 requirements

                      6.216 Effect of employee's failure to cooperate with EEOC
                                 investigation

                      6.217 Effect of EEOC's failure to address a claim

                      6.218 Effect of failure to name correct employer in charge

                      6.219 Complainant may withdraw charge with permission of
                                 EEOC

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6.300 Administrative charge

           6.310 Requirements of an administrative charge

                      6.311 Sufficiency of administrative charge

                      6.312 Whether intake questionnaire constitutes a charge

                      6.313 Verification of administrative charge

                                 6.313.10 Charge must be verified

                                 6.313.20 Verification requirement is not jurisdictional

                                 6.313.30 EEOC regulation allowing verification to relate
                                                  back is valid

                                 6.313.40 Employer who responds to unverified charge on
                                                  the merits waives the verification requirement

                      6.314 Single filing (or piggybacking) rule

                                 6.314.10 ADEA actions

                                 6.314.20 Person who timely filed charge must file lawsuit

                                 6.314.30 Person who has previously filed a charge may
                                                  not try to piggyback onto someone else's EEOC
                                                  charge

           6.320 Scope of the charge

                      6.321 Standard of review

                      6.322 Liberal construction of charges

                      6.323 "Like or reasonably related"

                                 6.323.10 Retaliation claims

                                                  6.323.11 Retaliation claims arising before the
                                                                   filing of the EEOC charge

                                                  6.323.12 Retaliation claims arising after the
                                                                   filing of the EEOC charge

                                 6.323.20 Disparate treatment claims

                                                  6.323.21 Whether underlying discrimination
                                                                   claim is within scope of charge
                                                                   alleging retaliation

                                                  6.323.22 Age discrimination claim not within
                                                                   scope of race discrimination claim

                                                  6.323.23 Disability discrimination claim not
                                                                   within scope of Title VII claim

                                                  6.323.24 Disparate treatment claim not within
                                                                   scope of hostile work environment
                                                                   claim

                                                  6.323.25 Whether discrimination based on facts
                                                                   not mentioned in the charge is within
                                                                   the scope of the charge

                                                  6.323.26 Different types of disparate treatment

                                                                   6.323.26.10 Failure to transfer claim
                                                                                          not within scope of
                                                                                          charge alleging wrongful
                                                                                          termination

                                 6.323.30 Harassment claims

                                                  6.323.31 Co-worker harassment not within
                                                                   scope of supervisory harassment
                                                                   charge

                                 6.323.40 Reasonable accommodation claims

                                                  6.323.41 Whether ADA "reasonable
                                                                   accommodation" claim is within scope
                                                                   of charge alleging termination
                                                                   "because of disability"

                                                  6.323.42 Whether Title VII religious
                                                                   accommodation claim is within scope
                                                                   of disparate treatment and
                                                                   harassment claims

                                 6.323.50 Disparate impact claims

                                                  6.323.51 Whether disparate impact claim is
                                                                   within scope of charge alleging
                                                                   disparate treatment

                                                  6.323.52 Whether disparate impact claim is
                                                                   within scope of charge alleging
                                                                   retaliation

                                 6.323.60 Consideration of affidavit filed with the charge

                      6.324 Need to specify facts and/or legal theory

                      6.325 Effect of negligence of EEOC in filling out charge form

                      6.326 Scope of charge requirement does not apply to actions
                                 brought by EEOC

           6.330 Response to administrative charge

                      6.331 Must employer raise all defenses in response to EEOC
                                 charge?

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6.400 Timeliness of administrative charge

           6.410 In general

                      6.411 Parties can agree to an abbreviated statute of limitations

           6.420 When time begins to run

                      6.421 In general

                                 6.421.10 Date notified of employer's decision

                                 6.421.20 Date notified of employer's adoption of facially
                                                  neutral policy

                                 6.421.30 Discovery rule

                      6.422 Discrete acts

                                 6.422.10 Request for accommodation is a discrete act

                                 6.422.20 Failure to remedy an unlawful employment
                                                  action is not a discrete act

                                 6.422.30 Collateral review does not toll limitations period

                      6.423 Non-discrete acts

                                 6.423.10 Hostile work environment claims

                                 6.423.20 "Glass ceiling" claim

                      6.424 Particular claims

                                 6.424.10 Constructive discharge

                                 6.424.20 Denial of tenure

                                 6.424.30 Unequal pay

                                                  6.424.31 Maximum back pay period is two years

                                 6.424.40 Retirement plan

                                 6.424.50 Seniority system

                                 6.424.60 Tainted promotions roster

           6.430 Deferral states

                      6.431 Necessity of timely filing with state or local agency

                                 6.431.10 Whether charge is deemed to have "initially"
                                                  been filed with state or local agency

                                 6.431.20 State agency must have time to investigate
                                                  before charge is filed with EEOC

                                                  6.431.21 Effect of worksharing agreement

                      6.432 Effect of failure to file with state or local agency

                      6.433 If state or local agency does not have subject matter
                                 jurisdiction over a particular claim, then the 180 day time
                                 limit applies

           6.440 Nondeferral states

           6.450 Grounds for excusing late filing

                      6.451 Continuing violation

                                 6.451.10 No longer applies to discrete acts

                      6.452 Waiver

                      6.453 Equitable estoppel

                                 6.453.10 General principles

                                                  6.453.11 Standard of review

                                 6.453.20 Standard for availability of equitable estoppel

                                 6.453.30 Employer's threat of retaliation does not extend
                                                  the statute of limitations

                      6.454 Equitable tolling

                                 6.454.10 General principles

                                                  6.454.11 Judge or jury question?

                                                  6.454.12 Burden of proof

                                                  6.454.13 Standard of review

                                 6.454.20 Standard for availability of equitable tolling

                                 6.454.30 Due to EEOC mistake

                                 6.454.40 Due to plaintiff's mental disability

                                 6.454.50 Due to attorney mistake

                                 6.454.60 Due to employer's affirmative acts

                                 6.454.70 Due to plaintiff's lack of English fluency

                                 6.454.80 Tolling normally ceases upon retention of
                                                  attorney

                      6.455 Relation back

           6.460 Tolling while class certification is sought

                      6.461 Stacking of subsequent class actions

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6.500 Procedural issues specific to federal employees

           6.510 Civil Service Reform Act

           6.520 EEOC's explanation of federal procedural requirements

                      6.521 Contact EEO counselor

                      6.522 EEO counseling

                      6.523 Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR)

                      6.524 EEO complaints

                                 6.524.10 Dismissals of EEO complaints

                      6.525 Investigations

                      6.526 Hearings

                      6.527 Final action by agencies

                      6.528 Appeals to the EEOC

                      6.529 Civil actions

                                 6.529.10 Class complaints

                                 6.529.20 Grievances

                                 6.529.30 Mixed case complaints

           6.530 General procedural issues

                      6.531 General duty to exhaust administrative remedies

                                 6.531.10 Whether exhaustion requirement is
                                                  jurisdictional prerequisite

                                 6.531.20 Whether federal government has waived
                                                  exhaustion defense

                                 6.531.30 Whether employee can be excused based upon
                                                  a showing of futility

                      6.532 Federal government's duty to give notice of exhaustion
                                 requirements

                      6.533 Mixed-case appeals to the Merit Service Protection Board
                                 ("MSPB")

                                 6.533.10 Procedure for mixed-case appeals

                                 6.533.20 Appeal of MSPB decision

                      6.534 Arbitration does not automatically defer employee's duty
                                 to file suit

                      6.535 Failure to accept "offer of full relief"

                      6.536 Federal employee can bring action simply to enforce a
                                 favorable EEOC order

           6.540 ADEA exhaustion requirements

                      6.541 Alternative routes for bringing an ADEA claim                    

                      6.542 Effect of withdrawal of Merit Systems appeal on ability to
                                 bring ADEA action

           6.550 Rehabilitation Act exhaustion requirements

           6.560 Title VII exhaustion requirements

           6.570 Appeal of final agency decision

                      6.571 Time for appeal of final agency decision

                      6.572 Standard of review on appeal of final agency decision

                      6.573 Can a successful plaintiff appeal only the size of the
                                 administrative award?

                      6.574 Can federal employee file suit seeking only an increase in
                                 the amount of attorney's fees awarded by the EEOC?

           6.580 Whether exhaustion requirements apply to certain agencies

                      6.581 Smithsonian

                      6.582 U.S. Postal Service

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6.600 [reserved]

 

6.700 EEOC regulations and guidelines

           6.710 Deference to regulations

           6.720 EEOC Policy Manual

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6.800 EEOC administrative investigation

           6.810 Non-assistance agreements

           6.820 Scope of EEOC subpoena powers

                      6.821 Statutory authority

                                 6.821.10 Title VII

                      6.822 Standard of review

                      6.823 Cases interpreting the EEOC's authority to issue
                                 subpoenas

           6.830 Release of EEOC investigation file

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6.900 EEOC determination

           6.910 What if EEOC finds "reasonable cause"?

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